In south africa many communities aspire to waterborne sanitation. Zain2 1civil engineering department, universiti teknologi petronas, malaysia 2department of civil and structural engineering, universiti kebangsaan malaysia, malaysia. The baffles divide the reactor into eight different compartments with a total working volume of 7. Bacteria within the reactor gently rise and settle due to flow characteristics and gas production, but move down the reactor at a slow rate. In the bioreactor, low value of ph in the first compartment was due to acid generated by the acidogenic bacteria. An anaerobic baffled reactor abr is an improved 879septic tank with a series of baffles under which the noecompendiumgrey, black or the industrial noecompendiumwastewater is forced to flownoecompendium under and offer the baffles from the inlet to the outletnoecompendium. During inflow into the chamber, the waste water is intensively mixed with the sludge whereby it is inoculated with waste water organisms which decompose the contained pollutants. This project has studied the appropriateness of the abr for onsite primary sanitation in lowincome communities. An anaerobic baffled reactor abr is an improved septic tank with a series of baffles under which the wastewater is forced. A typical construction of the tank or reactor usually comprises of different compartments with various outlet levels and it can also be described as having madeup of series of. Mar 01, 2009 the performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr was evaluated in the treatment of cassava wastewater, a pollutant residue.
Anaerobic treatment systems biogas sanitation anaerobic baffled reactor abr susana forum. Performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr during. Effluent cod values measured from a 3 000 l pilot abr using domestic wastewater at a wastewater treatment works were. Stuckeym department of chemical engineering and chemical technology, imperial college of science, technology and medicine, prince consort road, london sw7 2by, u. Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment by combined anaerobic baffled reactor and anaerobic filter.
The reactors high srt keeps the hrt to a minimum which allows a higher volumetric load, significantly enhanced removal efficiencies 1, 2, 3, 15, and 17. Fast neutrons are slowed down by a moderator such as water or graphite, allowing chain reaction to take place rapid increase in neutron population. Effects of temperature and feed strength on a carrier. The performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr was evaluated in the treatment of cassava wastewater as a pollutant residue. At the bottom of each chamber, activated sludge is retained. The abr is a rectangular perspex box with internal vertical baffles alternately hanging and standing. The significant difficulty in hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor operation is the slow startup procedure, which is crucial to the overall polyvinyl alcoholcontaining desizing wastewater treatment. A comparative study of anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor and upflow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactor for biological removal of diethyl phthalate from wastewater.
The performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr was evaluated in the treatment of cassava wastewater, a pollutant residue. Pressurized water reactor power plant this material was, for a purpose to be used in a nuclear education, compiled comprehensively with a caution on appropriateness and neutrality of information, based on references of neutral organizations, suh as nrc, wikipedia and. In the anaerobic baffled reactor, baffles are used to direct the flow of wastewater in an upflow mode through a series of sludge blanket reactors. An abr divided in four equal volume compartments total volume 4l and operated at 35c was used in cassava wastewater treatment. During inflow into the chamber, the waste water is intensively mixed with the sludge whereby it is inoculated with waste water organisms which decompose the contained. A comparative study of anaerobic fixed film baffled reactor.
Performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr in. Refer to figure 1 and 2 for a schematic of an uasbs and an. Mathematical modelling of cassava wastewater treatment. The baffled design of the abr ensures high solids retention resulting in high treatment rates, while the overall sludge production is characteristically low. Dewats rather than a centralized system might be especially bene.
Performance and characteristics of an anaerobic baffled. The abr achieves this by means of a design which is both simple and. Feed tank chemical oxygen demand cod was varied from 2000 to 7000mg l1. In this staged reactor biomass retention is enhanced by forcing the water flow through. An application of anaerobic baffled reactor to produce biogas. An anaerobic baffled reactor abr is an improved septic tank s. With the increasing deterioration of world water resources, configuring a technical and economic viable wastewater treatment and recycle technology to satisfying the increasing complexity of wastewater and stringent environmental regulation has been a great challenge over the past decades. Abrs are robust and can treat a wide range of wastewater, but both remaining. The startup strategy used for this process has achieved to the targeted goals while the active microbial population was retained. The increased contact time with the active biomass sludge results in improved treatment. Accredited buyers representative real estate certification abr.
The anaerobic baffled reactor is a high rate digester comprising a series of alternating and standing baffles in each compartment. Abstract the effect of a decrease in operating temperature on the performance of two 10 dm3 anaerobic baffled reactors abr was examined. This paper summarizes the performance of the dewats from july. The relationships among the macroscopic observables ph, cod and ss, catabolic intermediates vfa and microcosm alternation ttcdha were studied.
The main problem associated with the treatment of high strength materials in an anaerobic baffled reactor abr is difficult breakdown of fat, protein and hydrocarbon molecules at early stage of anaerobic decomposition due to uncertain selection of hydraulicretention time hrt and therefore organic loading rate olr. The treatment and reuse of domestic wastewater using an anaerobic baffled reactor abr followed by a duckweed pond dwp were the main theme of the present study. Abstractappropriate startup of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr is considered to be the most delicate and important issue in the anaerobic process, and depends on several factors such as wastewater composition, reactor configuration, inoculum and operating conditions. Introduction in the technical design for anaerobic.
The behaviour of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr as the first. Performance of anaerobic baffled reactor for biodegradation. Within this type of reactor, wastewater is forced to flow under and over the baffles from one compartment to the next as it passes from the inlet to the outlet dama et al. Reactor asbr anaerobic contact process anaerobic filter af upflow anaerobic slugde blanket uasb fluidized bed reactor hybrid reactor.
Anaerobic wastewater treatment is receiving renewed interest because it offers a means to treat wastewater with lower energy investment. A comparative study of anaerobic fixed film baffled. Phenol % anaerobic baffled reactor % acidogenic bacteria % industrial wastewater % biodegradation. Mathematical modelling of cassava wastewater treatment using. Anaerobic wastewater treatment using anaerobic baffled. This work analyzed the performance of an anaerobic reactor at codso 4 2ratios. Anaerobic baffled reactor 49 materials and methods the reactor the abr was constructed with glass, showing dimensions of 10cm wide, 10cm high and 40cm long, with a total volume of 4l, divided in four equal compartments, as shown in fig. Orange county sanitation district anaerobic baffled reactor abr pilot plant demonstration feb 2002 may 2004 final report version 1. The modification was achieved by increasing the height of hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor and application of proper effluent recycle enabled to. One type of highrate reactor is the anaerobic baffled reactor abr. The abr is a reactor design which uses a series of baffles to force a wastewater containing organic pollutants to flow under and over or through the baffles as it passes from the inlet to the outlet mccarty and bachmann, 1992.
In other cases, little, if any effect of sulfate concentration on anaerobic reactor performance was observed choi and rim, 1991. Pdf the developments of anaerobic baffled reactor for. Treatment of domestic wastewater using an anaerobic baffled. An application of anaerobic baffled reactor to produce. Analysis of an anaerobic baffled reactor treating complex particulate wastewater in an abr membrane bioreactor unit abstract providing water and proper sanitation to poor communities by 2015 is one of the united nations targets for this millennium. Developed by mccarty and coworkers at stanford university, the abr was described as a series of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors uasbs because it is divided into several compartments 3, 5, 16. Hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor for treatment of desizing. Neutron induced fission releases energy plus extra fast neutrons. A model for dewats is developed in nepal with anaerobic baf. An anaerobic baffled reactor abr is an improved septic tank with a series of baffles under which the wastewater is forced to flow. The width was 2 and 8cm, respectively, to the downcomer and upcomer. Better anaerobic degradation of suspended and dissolved organic pollutants.
Anaerobic baffled reactor how is anaerobic baffled reactor. The performance of an anaerobic baffled reactor at the pilot scale, with a 100l volume and six compartments, that is used to treat lowstrength industrial wastewater 671. The latest modification of abr is periodic anaerobic baffled reactor pabr developed in 1998. The developments of anaerobic baffled reactor for wastewater. The anaerobic baffled reactor abr is a modification of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket uasb reactor. Refer to figure 1 and 2 for a schematic of an uasbs and an abr. Hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor how is hybrid anaerobic. Unique baffled design enables abr to reduce biomass washout, hence retain a high active biomass content. An anaerobic baffled reactor abr is an improved septic tank with a series of baffles under which the grey, black or the industrial wastewater is forced to flow under and offer the baffles from the inlet to the outlet.
The effect of operational conditions such as hrt, influent cod and glucose concentration as the cosubstrate was also investigated. The dewats treats highstrength wastewater from 80 households 400 pe. The sludge in the reactor rises and falls with the gas production and flow, but moves through the reactor at a slow rate. The abr consists of alternating hanging and standing baffles, which compartmentalise the reactor, and that force the liquid flow up and down from one compartment to the next fig. Hello, i know the use of baffles in a shell and tube heat exchanger will guide the shellside fluid as it navigates through the shell, but i saw baffles are also used in cstrs to help with mixing. However, greater reactor performance has been observed at codso 4 2ratios over 0. Treatment efficiency of an anaerobic baffled reactor. The behaviour of an anaerobic baffled reactor abr as the first stage in the biological treatment of hog farming effluents. The use of the anaerobic baffled reactor abr for wastewater. Pdf anaerobic baffled reactor rizki s bani academia. A typical construction of the tank or reactor usually comprises of different compartments with various outlet levels and it can. The anaerobic baffled reactor abr contains a mixed anaerobic culture segregated into compartments.
Anaerobic filters are usually operated in upflow mode because there is less risk that the fixed biomass will be washed out. Uasbaf able to retain very high concentration of active biomass in the reactor. Feasibility of the anaerobic baffled reactor process was investigated for the treatment of wheat flour starch wastewater. Sanitary biogas systems are efficient, hygienic and ecologically sound wastewater treatment units with the additional benefits of energy production and an effluent of high nutrient content. It combined the function of anaerobic contactor reactor, anaerobic filter and uasb simultaneously li et al. The water level should cov er the filter media by at least 0. Jan 16, 2014 anaerobic wastewater treatment is receiving renewed interest because it offers a means to treat wastewater with lower energy investment.
Effect of low temperatures on the performance of an anaerobic. Hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor for treatment of desizing wastewater. An abr divided in four equal volume compartments total volume 4l and operated at 35. Pdf performance and characteristics of an anaerobic baffled. In water reactors, the coolant is also the moderator. An anaerobic baffled reactor abr is an improved septic tank with a series of baffles under which the grey, black or the industrial wastewater. Orange county sanitation district anaerobic baffled. The anaerobic baffled reactor abr was developed in the early 1980s, and consists of a series of compartments up to 8 in one reactor which are baffled to force the incoming wastewater up. Therefore, the ability of a hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor, treating desizing wastewater, to achieve a prompt startup was studied at labscale. Hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor how is hybrid anaerobic baffled reactor abbreviated. A carrier anaerobic baffled reactor cabr, containing hollowsphere bamboo carriers, was used to examine the effects of organic and temperature shock loads for a constant hydraulic retention time.
An application of anaerobic baffled reactor to produce biogas from kitchen waste a. A 10litre anaerobic baffled reactor abr, with eight compartments, was used to examine the effect of organic shock loads, in the form of a step change in the feed chemical oxygen demand cod at. Introduction in the technical design for anaerobic treatment systems. Pdf anaerobic baffled reactor abr for wastewater treatment. Introduction in the technical design for anaerobic treatment. This paper presents residence time distribution studies done on both clean and working reactors, to investigate the mixing patterns and dead spaces in this novel type of reactor. Hrt not 20 hrs, pollution removal is very minimum 1. Pdf analysis of anaerobic baffled reactor abr efficiency. In this study an anaerobic baffled reactor was proposed for the recovery of energy and production of organic fertilizer.
In abr, wastewater passes over and under the staggered vertical baffles as it flows from inlet to outlet. Effect of hydraulic retention time on anaerobic baffled reactor. A modified design of anaerobic baffled reactor abr was carried out with using different combination of kitchen waste and activated sewage sludge to achieve the highest biogas and methane generation in the shortest time. Thus extremely high srt could be maintained irrespective of hrt. Developing reliable technologies for wastewater treatment is of urgent importance. Hydrodynamic characteristics of the anaerobic baffled reactor. Effect of cod loading rate on an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket. Study on performance of a modified anaerobic baffled. The baffled reactor consists of a series of chambers in which waste water flows upstream. Anaerobic baffled reactor anaerobic baffled reactor abr consists of a number of uasb reactors connected in series. In the present study an experimental model of anaerobic baffled was fabricated to conduct reactor experiment for real time waste streams of textile industry to. The obtained results showed that adopted sludge improved the reactor performance. Alternative design of wastewater treatment plant with. Treatment of domestic wastewater using an anaerobic.
The abr was fed continuously with domestic wastewater at four hrts ranging from 8 to 24 h and corresponds to organic loading rates ranging from 0. Anaerobic baffled reactor abr sswm find tools for sustainable. Anaerobic baffled reactors abr are widely used in wastewater treatment plant in order to remove heavy sediment solids so that the carryover wastewater will have lower cod level before going to next step of processes. Background and theory one type of highrate reactor is the anaerobic baffled reactor abr. Kinetic analysis of palm oil mill wastewater treatment by a modified anaerobic baffled reactor, biochemical engineering 9. Effect of hrt on the biodegradability of textile wastewater. Because the microorganisms involved grow more slowly, such systems require clever design so that the microbes have sufficient time with the substrate to complete treatment without requiring enormous reactor volumes. Three abr reactors a1, a2 and a3 with effective volume of 250, 200 and l were used, respectively. Performance of a granularbed anaerobic baffled reactor grabbr treating whisky distillery wastewater. Slaughterhouse wastewater treatment by combined anaerobic. The reactor design has been developed since the early 1980s and has several advantages over well established systems such as the upflow anaerobic sludge blanket and the anaerobic filter.